Word |
Definition |
absolute value |
a number’s distance from zero |
acute angle |
an angle less than 90 degrees |
additive inverse |
what you add to a number to get zero, the negative of a number |
adjacent angles |
angles that have a common side and a common vertex, angles that are “next to” each other |
algebraic expression |
a mathematical phrase that contains numbers, variables and operations |
alternate exterior angles |
a pair of angles on opposite sides of the transversal but outside the two parallel lines |
alternate interior angles |
a pair of angles on opposite sides of the transversal but inside the two parallel lines |
circumference |
the distance around a circle |
coefficient |
the number in front of a variable |
complementary angles |
angles that add to 90 degrees |
compound event |
two or more simple events occurring at the same time |
commutative property |
states that numbers can be added or multiplied in any order |
constant of proportionality |
the constant value of the ratio of two proportional quantities, the constant in a proportional relationship |
corresponding angles |
when two parallel lines are crossed by a transversal, the angles in matching corners |
cross-section |
a view into the inside of a three dimensional object made by cutting through it |
diameter |
a straight line going through the center of a circle connecting two points on the circumference |
dilation |
to make a shape larger or smaller |
distributive property |
says that multiplying a number by a group of numbers is the same as multiplying separately |
edge |
a line segment joined by two vertices |
elimination |
a method of solving systems of equations in which you eliminate one variable and solve for the other |
enlargement |
when the scale drawing is larger than the original |
equation |
a statement that two expressions are equal |
experimental probability |
the ratio of the number of times an event occurs to the total number of trials, what actually happens during an experiment |
exterior |
outside |
face |
the flat surface of a geometric solid |
favorable outcome |
the outcome of interest, what you want to happen |
fundamental counting principle |
states that if one event has m possible outcomes and another event has n possible outcomes, then there are mxn possible outcomes for the two events together |
horizontal |
parallel to the horizon, left to right |
hypotenuse |
the side of a triangle that is across from the right angle |
inequality |
says that two values are not equal |
integer |
any whole number, positive or negative |
interior |
inside |
intersecting lines |
two lines that share exactly one point |
interquartile range |
a measure of variability based on dividing the data into quartiles (4 equal sections) |
inverse operation |
opposite operations that undo each other |
isosceles triangle |
a triangle that has two sides of equal length |
like terms |
terms with the same variable and exponent |
linear equation |
an equation between two variables that is a straight line when graphed |
lower quartile |
the first quartile, anything below this is the lowest 25% of the data |
mean |
average |
median |
the middle number when data is listed in order from least to greatest |
mode |
the number that appears most often |
negative integer |
an integer that is less than zero |
net |
the two-dimensional view of a three-dimensional figure, a pattern you can cut and fold to make a 3D shape |
obtuse angle |
an angle greater than 90 degrees |
opposites |
numbers with the same absolute value but on opposite sides of zero |
outlier |
A value that "lies outside" (is much smaller or larger than) most of the other values in a set of data. |
parallel |
side by side having the same distance continuously between them, lines that never cross |
percent error |
a measure of how inaccurate a guess was written as a percent |
perimeter |
the distance around a shape |
perpendicular |
lines that cross at 90 degree angles |
population |
the entire group available |
positive integer |
an integer that is greater than zero |
possible outcome |
all of the possible results that could occur with a given event |
probability |
the likelihood (chances) of something happening |
proportion |
two fractions set equal to each other |
radius |
the distance from the center of a circle to a point on the circumference of the circle (half of the diameter) |
range |
the smallest number in a data set subtracted from the largest number |
rate of change |
a rate that describes how one quantity changes in relation to another quantity (slope) |
ratio |
shows the relative sizes of two or more values |
rational number |
a number that can be written as a fraction |
reciprocal |
multiplicative inverse, two numbers multiplied together to get one (means flip) |
reduction |
when the scale drawing is smaller than the original |
reflection |
a type of transformation that creates a mirror image |
right angle |
a 90 degree angle |
rotation |
a type of transformation that has a circular movement, there is a central point that stays fixed while everything else moves around that point in a circle |
sample |
a group taken from the population |
sample space |
all of the possible outcomes of an event written in a list |
scale drawing |
a drawing that shows a real object with accurate sizes, reduced or enlarged by a certain amount |
scale factor |
the ratio of the scale drawing to the original, tells you how much bigger or smaller the drawing will get |
scalene triangle |
a triangle with three unequal sides |
slope |
how steep a line is, calculated by: change in y / change in x or rise over run |
solution set |
the set of all values that make an equation or inequality true |
substitution |
a method of solving systems of equations in which you isolate one variable and use that solution to solve for the other variable |
supplementary angles |
angles that add to 180 degrees |
surface area |
the total area of all the surfaces of a three-dimensional object |
symmetry |
when one shape becomes exactly like another when you flip, slide, or turn it |
theoretical probability |
the likeliness of an event happening based on all the possible outcomes (what you think should happen) |
transformation |
a general term for four specific ways to change a point, line or shape |
translation |
a type of transformation that moves an object a certain distance |
transversal |
a line that passes through a set of two or more lines (usually parallel) |
tree diagram |
a tool used in statistics that allows us to calculate the number of possible outcomes of an event, as well as list those possible outcomes in an organized manner. |
unit rate |
a comparison of two measurements in which one of the terms has a value of 1 |
upper quartile |
the third quartile, anything above this is the largest 25% of the data |
variable |
a letter used to represent an unknown number |
vertex |
a point where two or more lines (edges) meet |
vertical |
in an up and down direction or position |
vertical angles |
angles that are opposite each other when two lines intersect |
volume |
the amount of three-dimensional space an object occupies |
y-intercept |
where a line crosses the y-axis |